Clutch and brake mechanism



W. M. GILM'AN CLUTCH AND BRAKE MECHANISM Sept. 21, 1948.

4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Aug. 22, 1945 Sept. 21, 1948. w. M. GILMAN CLUTCH AND BRAI KE MECHANISM Filed Aug. 22, 1945 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Sept. 21, 1948. w. M. GILMAN CLUTCH AND BRAKE MECHANISM Filed Aug. 22, 1945 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 wag. [$1224 p 1, 1948. w. M. GILMAN QLUTCH AND BRAKE MECHANISM 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Aug. 22 1945 Wilerw'zzmm mag fatenteci Sept. 2 1, 1943 UNITED S FATENT OFFICE GLUTCH' ANDBRAKE MEGHANISM Wilbert M. (ii-imam. Vlellesly Hiils, Mas's., as:

fibrf-iig am Res'arbh Company, Cranston,

la, a; corlmmmof Rhode, Island ApplicationAli'ghsfi 22, 194 3,: Serial-No. 611,9???

Another object is to provide cIutcliwpFIating mechanism having; means for disengaging the Ahbther object is to" provide clutch-operating mo'ch anisrn of simple and compact: doh'st'ruction'; c'ap'able' of positiva'action'arid'free from-war and dflerioratio'n of the parts" during long enal-1miuse:

Fu'r'tkie'r' object's of' tlfie irnprovmr'it' are" sfi forth in Che' following specification which we'- sorilfis a preferred form of const'ruction ofi tfi resent clutch-mechanism; by way-OT examme; as illustrated by the" accompanying drawi'n'g: Ihthe'drawings:

' Fig; 1 is a gen'o'r'al sideview of'the'jles'ent iiii proved. clutch device" shown witti it's" o'prat'ixig mohan ismenciosed ina housing or casing;

Fig; 2 is an axiall-s'ec'tional'viewof thedlutch' and its operating mechanism showing the-chitin members engaged forc'onr le'ct-irig' the driving" e1"e=-' inept tb rotate a driven' elment Fig. 3 isa: similar sectional View sfi'o'yi ihg the clutoh'memb'ers diserigagedt'o release the" dfivn' posed points to provide for keying the rotary parts of the clutch mechanism thereto. Fitted to each slot or keyway i2 is an elongate, U-shaped element 65 having its major horizontal portion seated in the bottom of the slot with right-angular arms i5 projecting radially from opposite ends thereof. Each slot l2 also receives a shorter U-shaped key l8 having a horizontal base portion seated against the horizontal portion of the U-shaped element 5 with right-angular lugs id projecting radially from its ends. The slots 52, the U-shaped members l5 and the keys it serve for connecting the several clutch members and operating elements for rotation with the hub if; and shaft 3.

The clutch members which translate th rotary motion of the driving pulley 2 to the shaft 3 comprise a pair of annular disks 2d and 3t] which are keyed to the hub ill. The disk 2B is mounted on the inner end of the hub Hi and formed with a pair of radial lugs or integral keys 2| engaging in the slots [2 in the hub. The disk 26 is held in fixed position on the hub if! by means of a ring-nut 22 having internal threads engaging external threads 23 on the end of the hub. The position of the disk 20 may be adjusted axially of the hub if by turning the ring-nut 22 which is provided with means for looking it against relative rotation on the hub. Such means may consist of a spring member 25 having a loop portion 26 seated in the groove l2 of the hub iii with one end engaging against one face of the disk 20 and its opposite end extending radially outward across the face of the ring-nut 22 with a cylindrical button-like stud 21 at its end. The button or stud 21 is adapted to engage in one of a series of notches 28 formed in the periphery of the ring-nut 22, see Fig. 7, to restrain the latter from rotation on the hub Id after it has been turned to adjust the disk 25! axially of the hub. The opposite clutch member or disk 35! is mounted to slide axially on the hub If! and formed with integral lugs or keys 3! engaging in the slots l2 to connect it rotatively therewith. The two clutch members or disks 2i] and 3d are adapted to engage with the opposite faces of a friction ring 35 located therebetween and rotatively connected to the driving pulley 2. The friction ring 35 may be constructed of asbestos or other suitable friction material adapted to provide gripping contact thereof with the opposed faces of the disks 20 and 30, The friction ring 35 may be connected to the driving pulley 2 by means of pins 36 projecting from the side of the latter and engaging through holes 3! near the periphery of the ring to adapt it to float loosely between the disks 20 andilfl.

It will be understood that the clutch-disk 38 is slidable axially on the hub It to adapt it to be carried into engagement with the side of the friction ring 35 to force the latter into face engagement with the fixed disk 2!). Normally, the shiftable disk 80 is maintained in spaced relation to the friction disk 35 under the tension of a pair of Belleville springs 38, so called, encircling the hub I ll, see Fig. 3. The springs 38 are in the form of annular sheet-metal members of concaveconvex or saucer-shape arranged in reverse relationship with their outer peripheries in contact and held under tension between the arms 16 of the members 15 and the side of the disk 30.

The shiftable disk 35! is carried into engagement with the friction ring 35 through the means of an operating disk or ring M! which is adapted to b turnedrelatively thereto on the hub It.

The operating ring 40 is mounted free to rotate on the hub it between the lugs I9 of the keys l8, being maintained axially in position by means of a ball bearing surrounding the hub. The ring id is formed with a ball-race M located opposite to a cooperating race 42 in an annular bearing member 43 keyed rotatively with the hub ID by means of the lugs 19 on the keys l8 which project into slots 44 in the sides of the bearing member. A series of balls 45 in the races 4| and d2 take the thrust of the operating ring Gil in one direction axially of the shaft 3, see Figs. 2 and 4. The thrust of the bearing ring 43 in this direction is taken by a brake-drum 56 against the side of which the ring engages. The brake-drum 50 is mounted on the hub IB and keyed thereto by means of the lugs E9 on the keys l8 engaging radial slots in the drum. The brake-drum 50 is constructed with a cylindrical flange 5! supported at the periphery of the disk-like radial portion 52, being held in place axially of the hub ID by means of a spring-ring or split washer 53. The spring-ring or split washer 53 is of usual type to adapt it to be sprung into an annular groove 5 at the end of the hub iii whereby to resist the axial thrust of the brake-drum 5!} and also hold the U-shaped members 15 from axial movement in the keyways I2 in the hub to take the thrust of the Belleville springs 38 at the opposite end of said member.

The operating ring 4% carries a peripheral flange or drum-annulus 55 adapted for engagement by a brake band, later described, to snub the ring to retard its rotation. The rim or annulus 55 encircles the outer periphery of the ring 48 and is welded or otherwise secured thereto. Bifurcated strips 55 received in slots 5! in the periphery of the ring GB underlying the rim 55 at diametrically opposite points are formed with inwardly bent ends 58 straddling the sides of the rim to provide fastening means for the ends of a pair of spiral springs and 66, see Figs. 2, 3 and 6, which are more particularly described hereinafter.

The operating ring all, as before noted, constitutes the means for controlling the engagement between the disks 2d and 30 and the friction ring 35. The ring 40 is connected to slide the disk 30 axially through the medium of four relatively large hardened balls 60 held in kidney-shaped tapered recesses or depressions 61 and 62 in the disk and ring, respectively, see Figs. 4, 5, l0 and 11. Referring to these latter views, the recesses or depressions ill and 62 are coined into the opposing faces of the disk 30 and ring 4!! and disposed in reverse relationship with respect to their deeper portions. This provides that when the disk 33 and ring 4!] are in normal relationship rotatively during disengagement of the clutch members as shown in Fig. 3, the balls 68 will be pocketed in the deeper portions of the recesses GI and 62 as represented in Fig. 11. When, however, the ring to is rotated relatively to the disk 38 in the direction indicated by the arrow :1: in Figs. 10 and 11 the balls 68 will be caused to travel into the shallower portions of the recesses El and 62, thereby wedging the disk 39 laterally away from the ring All to carry it into engagement with the friction ring 35 and force the latter against the face of the fixed disk 20. The recesses 50 and M are so dimensioned that the balls 68 will not move clear to the ends thereof during this action and consequently a firm thrust always will be exerted by the ring 40 on the disk 3U, while at the .same time providing for wear on the: engaging: surfaces between the balls 'andi the bottom of thereoesses. It will understood also that when the operating ring 40 is turned. relatively to the disk 30 in the opposite direction from: that first. described the balls; 60' will travel to the deeper ends of the recesses BI and to permit the disk; 30' to be shifted away from the friction ring. 35' under the thrust of. the springs 38-. A. pair of detent blocks 6:3 welded or otherwise suitably secured to the sideof the 010* era'ting ring; 46, see Figs. 2-, 3 and- 5, are adapted to engage with the lugs I 9 on the keys i=8 to limit the reverse rotationoi the ring. on the hub I as indicated'by dotted lines in-Fig. 5.

The: means for rotating the operating ring. 4 31' relatively to the: disk 3%] to cause it to effect en gagement between the clutch di'sissfifl andtdand.

the friction ring 35 comprises a pair of spiral springs 85. and 66, previously referred to and. shown most clearly in Fig. 6. The inner ends of the two springs 65 and 66- are anchored tothewhub. w bym-eans of the bearing ring 43:, the ends. of the springs being bent inwardly at 61 to-en-- gage in slots 69 in the periphery of the bearing ring. The two springs 65 and: 66 encircle the hub H1 spirally in the same direction with their coils alternate overlying: relationship; as shown in Fig... (land with th'e'outer end of eachspringconnected'. to the inner face.- of the annular rim -5 on .theoperating ring 46 The means. for con:- necting. the outer ends of the: springs 65 a-ndbfiiito the annular rim 55: of the ring 4-0- consists in the inwardly-bent ends 58 of the strips 56', previously referred to, which engage the hooked ends. Wand; I ll of. the springs. The two springs $5 and 66- being: anchored to the-hubno. at diametrically opposite points and: fastened to the ring 4d at onposite points tend to balance the?- radial thrust on the hub- W: and shaft 3'.

When energized the springs 6 5 and fio'tend to rotate the operating ring; M3: in contraclockwise direction as viewedin Fig. 6 to maintain the: ring in: position tocause the balls: 60- to exert a thrust. on the clutch member 36- to engage it with the:

frictionring 3d and the latter with the disk 20,. see Figs. 3 and 11. ing ring 66- 1s snubbed by means of a brake band, to-be described later, its rotation with the hub H is retarded to cause it to be moved into the relationship shown in Fig. 11 so that the-balls 6i! will-ride. into the deeper portionsof the r c cesses- 6iand 52 whereof to effect disengagement of the clutch members. action is released the springs G5" and 66 will become; active again to rotate theoperating ring 40 into position 'toxcarry the balls intothe shallower. portions of the: recesses 6i and 62 to exerts-thrust. through: the balls-to move the" disk 3% to force: the friction ring-35 against the fixed ring 28.. This method of clutching. and declutchi-ngi th'e members is referred to more specifically in the expla' nation of the operation ofcthecompl'ete device.

For snubbing the: operatin -wing 421 aresilient brake band it is: providedwhich is normally inactive or at rest against the inner face or. th casing 9,. as shownin- Fig. 4,.-a-ndl is adapted tohe tightened against theannular 55-of.the op=- When, however, theoperat When the snu-bbin g.

cratin ring, see 5; The brakebandildkis.

adapted to be operated manually or otherwise:

cylindrical. casing: 9,11: beingunderstood. that the casing 9 is: fixedly attached to stationary part of the. machine: or apparatus in which the clutch: is used; The caslng-extensiorr I8: is ottriiangular shape, having one: welded to the top oithe casing Qrat'lzll with its opposite endwel'ded or otherwise suitably secured theretoadjacent; its bottom portion; the casing. having an: arcuate opening extending: between the ends: of the. -extension. The. thimble -bearing H: projects through. an opening in the casing-extension 318' with. a nut Bil screwed onto its. threaded. portion to 'bihd against a washer 81. encirclin githe openling in the casing-extension. A helical spring-x82 encompasses the inner end 01*. the Bowden wire; 1-57,. bearing. again-st the end. of the: thimble 121 and engaging, the end oil the band it to normally maintain the: latter in extended and. released: relationship as shown in Fig. 4. The": Bowden. Wire: 15 is adapted to slide through a: sheath: 83': of usual. form and may haveits end connected to a. lever or other: device for: exerting". ar pol-ll thereon. The opposite end ofv the: band Ht anchored to one end or. a lever 85, seeaFi 9. ,;p'iv oted on astud 86 projecting. through the side oxfthe casing-extension 1:8 with: its inner end. sop ported in. an. angle-shaped bracket 81' which is welded. or otherwise suitably secured? tothe side:- of the casing-extension, see: Fig; 4. The stud 86" has a reduced end". which: engages through: a hole; in the side of the 'ca'sing extension' Hi and is: secured in 'placeby a spring ring- $8 engaging a groove therein. A brake band. 95 connectedtat 92% to oneend of the lever '85 is normally expanded: into engagement with the inner face ot the cylin drical casing. 9 at the side of. the band 14-, see Fig. 2.- The: lever. 8-5 maybe maintained in' the: position shown in Fig. Q-by means of a h'elical spring. fifianchored at 91 to the: side of the: casir'ig"-.-extension 18,, although the use of such a spring isunnecessary when the bra-ke band is sunl cientlyresilient. to maintain it expanded. The: opposite end of the? brake'ba'nd 954s anchored tm a. bioclefifi by means of a rivet 9'! which projects through; the upper portion of the casing-exten-'- sion la-and is headed over thereagainst. .It-is to be particularlynotedthat the points or attach=- merit. of the respective brake bands:- 95 M16114 to the lever 85 are at radii with: respect to the axis of thelever '&=5--in ratio of approximately two to one. That is to say, the; brake band: 95 is connected to thedever 85:- at a distance from its axis twicethatofi the point of connection of the-brakev band'- M therewith. This arrangement acts as tollows: As the bra-lie band M: is brought into engagement with. the annular rim of the perating ringidll; to snubthelatter; the brake band" 95. issimultaneously tightened against the; rim of the brake drum 5d, so'tl-iat when the clutch-linem bers are completely disengaged theoperatingringt so and the brake drum 50 will be maintained in their corresponding relative positions. Thisprevents-the clutch springs 55 and 65 from rotating the driven system reverse: direction which would cause re-enegagement of. thcclutch. The tightening of the brake band 9 5 against-the brake drum. 50' also serves to bring; the drivenvmember to rest rapidly. The: method: of operatiomoi. the device-is asnext explained:

Assuming thatthe clutch is engaged to: cause: thewdriving pulley 2' to rotate the driven! element. or: shaft. 3 therefrom, 'declu tching thereof is effected by the application of a: force to the Bowden wire. 45i The-brake band- M attached amasee into frictional engagement with the annular rim 55 of the operating ring All to retard the rotation of the latter with respect to that of the driven elements of the clutch. This applied control force is multiplied by the snubbing ratio to a greater force which acts on the brake band lever 85 tending to rock it on its pivot 85 so that the force thus applied to the lever is translated to the brake band 95 in magnitude reduced by the. respective lengths of the lever arms as determined by the points of attachment of the bands thereto. The lever 85 is thus caused to engage the brake band 95 with the rim of the brake drum 5D to bring the driven element of the clutch to rest, acting in parallel with the torque exerted on the operating ring by the brake band (4. However, as the braking action is applied to the drum 59 the snubbing of the operating ring 49 causes disengagement of the clutch members to release the driven element of the clutch from the driving element or pulley 2. As the rotation of the operating ring All is retarded against the balancing action of the spiral springs 55 and 66 the balls 6E3 willbe caused to travel into the deeper portions of the grooves 65 and 62 to release their pressure on the shiftable clutch disk Bil. Stated another way, as the disk continues to rotate with the hub iii in the direction indicated by the arrow at in Fig. 10, its movement relatively to the operating ring during the snubbing of the latter will cause the balls to travel into the deeper portions of the recesses 6! and 52 to release their pressure on the shiftable clutch disk 36. That is to say,

as the disk 36 continues to rotate with the hub II] in the direction indicated by the arrow at in Fig. 10, its movement relatively to the operating ring 46 during the snubbing of the latter will cause the balls 60 to travel into the deeper portions of the recesses SI and 62 as shown in Fig. 11. The snubbing action on the operating ring 48 will cause its detent blocks 63 to become engaged by the lugs l9 on the keys l8 to prevent continued displacement between the operating ring and the hub Ill, but in the meantime the brake band 95 comes into action to arrest the rotation of the driven elements. Under this action the springs 38 will act to shift the disk 36 to the right, as viewed in Fig. 2, whereby to release it from the friction ring 35 as illustrated in Fig. 3. The shifting of the clutch ring 30 in this manner releases it from the friction ring 35 so that the latter is released from the fixed drive ring 20. The friction ring 35 will thus be freed to float between the two clutch disks 2i) and 30 so that the driving pulley 2 will be declutched from the rotor I0 and shaft 3; the declutching action taking place before the brake is applied as before explained. When the entire system comes to rest the springs 65 and 66 will assert a torque attempting to drive the load backward to re-engage the clutch, but this tendency is opposed by the snubbing action of both brake bandswhich act in series to prevent reverse rotation of the parts.

The relative magnitude and the direction of the forces involved in the clutch operation are noted as follows: Assuming a force of ten pounds applied to the Bowden Wire control means, and a multiplying ratio of two for each brake band (actual values for the proportions indicated would be between two and three), the force applied by the first brake band 74 to the lever 85 would be twenty pounds. The corresponding force translated to the end of the second brake band 95 by the lever would be ten pounds iri accordance with the assumed ratio between the lengths of the lever arms. The force at the fixed anchor 96 for the second brake band 95 is onehalf of that at its connection to the lever 85 or five pounds. Accordingly, while the driven elements of the clutch are coming to rest the net braking force on the operating ring 49 is twentyless-ten or ten pounds and on the brake drum 5B, ten-lessfive or five pounds. This differential assures an initial displacement of the operating ring 128' with respect to the rest of the rotating clutch elements and hence complete disengagement of the clutch members when the Bowden wire is first operated. Moreover, this selective operation is doubly assured by the fact that the moment of inertia of the operating ring 40 is relatively light as compared with the rest of the driven elements ofthe clutch, so that even if the retarding tangential forces on the operating ring if) and brake drum 50 were identical, preferential displacement of the operating ring would still occur.

At the instant the driven elements come to 5 rest the tendency is for them to rotate in the opposite direction under the action of the clutch springs 55 and 66. However, this does not affect the forces acting at either end of the brake band M which respectively remain ten pounds and twenty pounds. The braking action of the second band 95 now is reversed in direction, however, and consequently the force of the anchor lever 85 is doubled instead of halved so that now it becomes twenty pounds. This produces a net force of ten pounds resisting back driving of the load and corresponds to the same force on the operating ring 40. Actually, the relative coefficients of friction of the tWo bands will assume values so that these opposing forces automatically equalize.

To re-engage the clutch members it is only necessary to release the force exerted on the Bowden wire E5 whereof the springs 82 and will act to disengage both brake bands 14 and 95, see Figs. 6, 8 and 9, respectively with the rim of the operating ring t0 and the drum 5?]. Upon release of the operating ring All the clutch springs 65 and 533, which have been energized during the snubbing action of the operating ring, will rotate the ring 40 on the hub Id in the direction indicated by the arrow 0: in Fig. 11, thereby causing the balls 60 to travel into the shallower portions of the recesses 6! and 62. The clutch disk 30 thus will be shifted axially on the hub ill to force it into engagement with the friction ring 35 and thereby frictionally engage the latter with the disk 20 fast on the hub. In this manner the clutch members will be brought into engagement to cause the driving pulley 2 to drive through the disks 20 and 321 to rotate the hub I0 and thereby the shaft 3. I

It will be observed from the foregoing specification that the present invention provides a high speed clutch having improved clutching and declutching means which may be operated without shock or jar on the rotating elements to arrest rotation of a driven member. It has been shown that the improved means for declutching the driven element from the driving element effectively prevents any reverse rotation of the load liable to re-engage the clutch members and consequently the control means operates smoothly and efficiently to avoid friction and wear on the parts. That is to say, means are provided for disengaging the clutch members and applying a aeeaeee brakin force to the driven el nt t prevent reverse rotation ther of which would cause r enea ement of he clutch members. Stillane her mportant feature resides in the fact that the means for deelutehlne the d en element from thedrivingelement operates without causing frictlon and .wear be -ween the shifta'ble member of theelnteh and the part employed to shift it. In fine, n0. relative stationary element having continuous en agement with-a rotating m mber of the elutehis employed and therefore all fric ion and wear consequent to such usual arrangement is entirely eliminated.

While the present improved elutoh is herein shown-and described as embodied in a preferred form of construction by way of example, it is to be understood that various modifications may be made in the structu e an arran ement of its Parts without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, without limiting mys lf in this respect, I claim:

a clutch me hani m, a rotary drivin elementla rotatable driven element, clutch meme hers engageable for connecting said driving element torotate the driven element, an operating member rotatable relatively to said clutch. m mbers to engage said members, resilient means for relativelyrotating said operating member, snubbing means to retard the rotation of the opera ins member to cause it to release the olutoh members :Irom en agement, and brakin m ns for arresting the rotation of the driven element after the-clutch members have been disengaged.

2. In a clutch mechanism, a rotary driving element, a rotatable driven element, clutch members engageableto rotatively connect said driving and driven elements, an operating member rotatable relativel to said clutch members, means-actuated by the rotation of said operating member for engaging the clutch members, resilient means for relatively rotating said operating member to carry the clutch members into engagement, braking means for retarding the rotation of the operating member to .cause it to disengage the clutch members, and separate braking means'for arrest -v ing the rotation of the driven element after the clutch members have been disengaged.

:3. Ina clutch mechanism, a driving element, a driven element, clutch members engageable to drive the driven element from the driving element, an operating member rotatable with the driven element, ,means actuated by said operating member for engaging the clutch members, means operative to retard the rotation of the operating member with the driven element to cause it to release the engaging means to disengage the clutch members, and means operative simultaneously with the operation of the retarding means for arresting the rotation of the driven element as the clutch members are disengaged.

d. a clutch mechanism, a rotary driving elemerit, a rotatable driven element, clutch membersengaseable to connect the driving element to'retate the driv n el m nt, a rotat ble operating member, Wedeine means betw en the operating member andtheclutch mem rs io efieetine en gagement or aid mem rs, resil t m ans for rotatin the opera ng mb r relatively o the clutch m mbers to ac ate the wedein means, means to retard the rotation of the Operating member t cause it to release-the wedein -me ns to disene-aeetbe lutch m m er nd means :for applyinga brakin forc to the riv n member to n eventr verse rotation thereei whi h would cause rewnsaeement of the clutch members.

5. In a clutch mechanism, a rotary driving-elee ment, a rotatable driven element, a clutch member rotatable with the driving element, a second clutch member rotatable with the driven element, an operating ring, Wedging means actuated by relative rotation of said operating ring to force the clutch members into engagement, resilient means on the driven element operative to rotate the p ra ing rin re iv y theret m ans to resist rotationlof the Operating ring against the action-of said resilient means to cause it to re-. lease the Wedging means to disengage the clutch m mbe s, and means for applying a raking orce to t driven element t prevent r v rs rotation thereof vvhieh w uld c use r es eemen of the clutch members;

6- In a lutch mech nism, a r tary drivin -element, a rotatable driven elei'i'iellt, a clutch ring rotatable with the driving element and movable axially relatively thereto, a clutch disk fast with the driven elemen ra s eenel clutch disk rotatable with the driven element and 'shiftable axially thereof, resilient means for shifting said second clutchclisk to maintain it free from engagement h t e clutch rin an operating ring rotatable relatively to the driven element, means between e operating rin and theseeond clutch disk operative to shift-the latter to eilfeet engagement etween th clu ch disks and the clutch ring, resilient means for rotating the operating ring relativel to the driven element to actuate the engaging means for the clutch disks and ring, and meansto retard the rotation of the operating ringto cause it to release the engaging means to effe t s n a ement of the clutch disks and clutch ring.

l. In a clutch mechanism, a rotar dIiVillg element, a rotatable driven element, a'friction ring rotatable with the driving element and movable axially-thereof, a clutch disk fast with the driven e'lei ent, a second clutch disk keyed to the driven element and shifta'ble axially thereof, an operat ing ring carried. by the driven element and adapted for rotation relatively thereto, viedging means between the operating. I'il'lgfilld the second clutch disk for forcing the latter against the fr tion ring to engage the latter with the first clutch disl'z, resilient means for rotating the operating ring relatively to the driven element to actuate the 'wedging means, and a brake for resisting rotation of the operating ring to cause it to release the wedging means to effect disengagement between the clutch disks and the friction ring.

In a clutch mechanism a rotary drivin element, a rotatable driven element, a friction ring rotatable with the driving element and axially movable'rel-atively thereto, a clutch disk fast With the driven element, a'second clutch disk keyed to the driven element and shiftable axially to engage the fr tien ring and engage it with the first clutch di said second clutch disk having pe-r d re esses ide, an op r t ng rine carried y the driven element and rotatable relatively thereto, said operating ring havingtapered recesses in its side, halls between the operating rin and the 'seeond cluteh disk engaging the tapered reeesses in their sides, resilient means for rotating the operating ring to travel the balls in the recess to exert a thrust against the second clutch dish to en a e it with the clutch rin and force the latter into engagement with the first ol -ten disk, and means for retarding the otati n 0f th onerating ring to. cause the balls o t av l. in th ecesses to release the engage- 11 ment between the clutch disks and the clutch rings.

9. In a clutch mechanism, a rotary driving element, a rotatable driven element, a clutch ring keyed to the driving element and adapted to float axially relatively thereto, a clutch disk fast on the driven element, a second clutch disk keyed to the driven element and shiftable axially thereof, an operating ring carried by the driven element and rotatable relatively thereto, said second clutch disk and operating ring having tapered recesses in their opposed faces arranged in reverse relationship, balls in the recesses of the second clutch disk and the operating ring, resilient means for rotating the operating ring to cause the balls to travel to the shallower ends of the tapered recesses to shift said second clutch disk to effect its engagement with the clutch ring and engagement of the ring with the first clutch disk, braking means for retarding the rotation of the operating ring to cause the balls to travel into the deeper portions of the recesses to release the engagement between the clutch disks and the clutch ring, and resilient means for shifting the second clutch disk axially to disengage it from the clutch ring.

10. In a clutch mechanism, a rotary driving element, a rotatable driven element, a clutch rin on the driving element, a clutch disk keyed to the driven element and shiftable axially to engage the clutch ring, an operating element carried by the driven element and rotatable relatively thereto, wedging means between the operating element and the clutch disk for shifting the latter into engagement with the clutch ring, a spiral spring anchored to the driven element at one end with its opposite end engaging the operating element to rotate the latter to actuate the \vedging means whereby to shift the clutch disk into engagement with the clutch ring, a brake operative to retard the rotation of the operating element against the force of the spring to release the Wedging means and a second spring for disengaging the clutch disk from the clutch ring upon release of the wedging means.

11. In a clutch mechanism, a rotary driving element, a shaft adapted to be driven therefrom, a hub fast on said shaft, a clutch disk fast on the hub, a second clutch disk keyed to the hub and shiftable axially thereof, a clutch ring keyed to the driving element and arranged to fioat between the first and second clutch disks, an operating ring rotatable on the hub, wedging means between the operating ring and the second clutch disk, a pair of spiral springs anchored to the hub at one end with their opposite ends engaging the operating ring to rotate the latter, braking means for retarding the rotation of the operating ring to cause it to actuate the wedging means to shift the second clutch disk to engage the clutch ring and force it into engagement with the first clutch disk, a brake drum fast on the shaft, and a second braking means operative with the disengagement of the clutch disks and ring to arrest the rotation of the shaft.

12. In a clutch mechanism, a rotary driving element, a rotatable shaft, a hub fast on said shaft, a clutch disk keyed to the hub, means for adjusting said clutch disk axially of said hub, a second clutch disk keyed to the hub and slidable axiall thereof, a clutch ring keyed to the driving element and adapted to float laterally between the two clutch disks, an operating ring mounted on the hub for relative rotation with respect thereto, wedging means operative by the relative rotation of the operating ring to shift the second clutch disk to effect engagement between the clutch disks and the clutch ring, a brake band for retarding the rotation of the operating ring, a brake drum fast with the hub, a second brake band for engagement with the brake drum, means for engaging the first brake band with the rim of the operating ring, and means operative therefrom to engage the second brake band with the brake drum to prevent reverse rotation of the driven element which would cause re-engagement of the clutch members.

13. In a clutch mechanism, a rotary driving lement, a rotatable driven element, clutch members engageable to connect the driving element to drive the driven element, an operating member rotatable relatively to the driven element, means actuated by rotation of the operating member to engage the clutch members, a pair of spiral springs for rotating the operating member, said springs having their inner ends connected to the driven element at points diametrically opposite its axis and their outer ends connected to the operating member at points diametrically opposite said axis, and means for snubbing the operating member to retard its rotation to disengage the clutch members.

14. In a clutch mechanism, a rotary driving element, a rotatable shaft, clutch members engageable to connect the driving element to drive the shaft, an operating member rotatable with and relatively to the shaft, means actuated by relative rotation of the operating member to engage the clutch members, a pair of springs for rotating the operating member, said springs having their inner ends connected to the shaft on diametrically opposite sides thereof and their outer ends connected to the operating member at points diametrically opposite its axis, and means for retarding the rotation of the operating member with the driven member to cause it to disengage the clutch members.

15. In a clutch mechanism, a rotary driving element, a rotatable driven element, clutch members engageable to connect the driving element to rotate the driven element, an operating member carried by the driven member and rotatable relatively thereto, means actuated by the relative rotation of the operating member to engage the clutch members, resilient means for rotating the operating member relatively to the driven element, braking means for retarding the rotation of the operating member with the driven element to cause it to disengage the clutch members, auxiliary braking means engageable with the driven element to arrest its rotation, and means to connect the first braking means to actuate the auxiliary braking means with the braking forces controlled in relative predetermined magnitude.

16. In a clutch mechanism, a rotar driving element, a rotatable driven element, clutch members engageable to connect the driving element to rotate the driven element, an operating member rotatable relatively to the driven element, means actuated by the relative rotation of said operating member to engage the clutch members. resilient means to rotate the operating member relativel to the driven element, a brake for retarding the rotation of the operating member to disengage the clutch members, and a second brake connected for operation by the first brake to arrest the rotation of the driven element in predetermined sequence after the clutch members have been disengaged whereby to prevent reverse rotation of the driven element which 13 would cause re-engagement of the clutch members.

17. In a clutch mechanism, a rotary driving element, a rotatable driven element, clutch members engageable to connect the driving element to rotate the driven element, an operating member rotatable relatively to the driven element to engage the clutch members, resilient means for rotating the operating member relatively to the driven element, a brake band engageable with the operating member to resist its rotation to effect release of the clutch members, a second brake band engageable with the driven element, and a lever connecting the ends of the brake bands and adapted to actuate the second brake band upon engagement of the first brake band with the operating member.

18. In a clutch mechanism, a rotary driving element, a rotatable driven element, clutch members engageable to connect the driving element to rotate the driven element, an operating member rotatable relatively to the driven element to engage the clutch members, resilent means for rotating the operating member relatively to the driven element. a brake band engageable with the operating member to retard its rotation relatively to the driven element and cause release of the clutch members, manually operable means connected to one end of the brake band, a lever connected to the opposite end of said brake band, a brake drum connected to the driven element, and a second brake band fixedly anchored at one end and connected at its opposite end to said lever at a point a greater distance from its axis than that of the first brake band, said second brake band being operative on the brake drum connected to the driven element to arrest the rotation of said driven element.

19. In a clutch mechanism, a rotary driving element, a rotatable driven element, clutch members engageable to connect said driving and driven element, an operating member rotatable relatively to the driven element to engage the clutch members, resilient means for rotating the operating member relatively to the driven member, a brake band engageable with the operating member to retard its rotation to release the clutch members, a lever having its shorter arm connected to the end ofsaid brake band, means connected to the opposite end of the brake band for tightening it to engage the operating member, a brake drum fast with the driven element, and a brake band engageable with said drum, one end of said last named brake band fixedly anchored and its opposite end connected to the longer arm of said lever.

WILBERT M. GILMAN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,974,390 Eason Sept. 18, 1934 2.299,621 Grifien Oct. 20, 1942 

